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Clogging of slurry-shield tunnel-boring machine drives in sedimentary soft rock: A case study

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0984-8

摘要： This paper presents a case study of the clogging of a slurry-shield tunnel-boring machine (TBM) experienced during tunnel operations in clay-rich argillaceous siltstones under the Ganjiang River, China. The clogging experienced during tunneling was due to special geological conditions, which had a considerably negative impact on the slurry-shield TBM tunneling performance. In this case study, the effect of clogging on the slurry-shield TBM tunneling performance (e.g., advance speed, thrust, torque, and penetration per revolution) was fully investigated. The potential for clogging during tunnel operations in argillaceous siltstone was estimated using an existing empirical classification chart. Many improvement measures have been proposed to mitigate the clogging potential of two slurry-shield TBMs during tunneling, such as the use of an optimum cutting wheel, a replacement cutting tool, improvements to the circulation flushing system and slurry properties, mixed support integrating slurry, and compressed air to support the excavation face. The mechanisms and potential causes of clogging are explained in detail, and the contributions of these mitigation measures to tunneling performance are discussed. By investigating the actual operational parameters of the slurry-shield TBMs, these mitigation measures were proven to be effective in mitigating the clogging potential of slurry-shield TBMs. This case study provides valuable information for slurry-shield TBMs involving tunneling in clay-rich sedimentary rocks.

关键词： slurry-shield TBM geological investigation clogging argillaceous siltstone TBM performance mitigation measures

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Field and laboratory experimental studies on hard-rock tunnel excavation based on disc cutter coupled

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 1370-1386 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0947-0

摘要： The tunnel boring machine (TBM) is typically used in hard-rock tunnel excavation. Owing to the unsatisfactory adaptability of TBM to the surrounding rock, when crossing high-strength and high-wear strata, the TBM can easily cause defects, such as abnormal wear on cutters and overload damage to bearings, thus affecting the construction efficiency and cost. Therefore, high-pressure waterjet technology should be applied to assist in rock breaking for efficient TBM tunneling. In this study, the effects of water pressure, nozzle diameter, and nozzle speed on cutting are investigated via laboratory experiments of cutting hard rock using high-pressure waterjets. The penetration performance of the TBM under different water pressures is investigated via a field industrial penetration test. The results show that high-pressure waterjets are highly efficient for rock breaking and are suitable for industrial applications, as they can accommodate the advancing speed of the TBM and achieve high-efficiency rock breaking. However, during the operation of high-pressure waterjets, the ambient temperature and waterjet temperature in the tunnel increase significantly, which weakens the cooling effect of the cutterhead and decreases the construction efficiency of the TBM. Therefore, temperature control and cooling measures for high-pressure waterjets during their long-term operation must be identified. This study provides a useful reference for the design and construction of high-pressure water-jet-assisted cutterheads for breaking road headers.

关键词： tunnel boring machine hard-rock cutting free face disc cutter rock-cutting efficiency

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米德湖3号取水口

Jon Hurt, Claudio Cimiotti

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第6期页码 880-887 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.11.007

摘要：

在美国西南部持续干旱的作用下，为了维持拉斯维加斯山谷既有水容量，南内华达水资源管理局在米德湖中新建了一个深水取水口（3 号取水口）。本项目包括一口185 m 深的竖井、十分困难的地质条件下4.7 km 的隧道以及沉没式取水口海事工程。本文介绍设计和施工过程中积累的经验以及为解决隧道开挖过程中遇到的困难而采取的创新性解决方案，隧道开挖采用双模式泥浆隧道掘进机（TBM），压力高达15 bar（1 bar=105 Pa）。其中特别介绍了掘进机开挖过程中克服的主要挑战，包括作业模式、开挖面支撑压力、预注浆和维护；取水口的施工，涉及用锥形炸药爆破的水下竖井开挖；创造性地建设1200 t 以上的混凝土- 钢取水建筑物；取水建筑物在水下竖井中的就位；与混合式掘进机开挖的取水隧道的对接。

关键词：水下隧道隧道掘进机开挖取水口

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QPSO-ILF-ANN-based optimization of TBM control parameters considering tunneling energy efficiency

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 25-36 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0908-z

摘要： In recent years, tunnel boring machines (TBMs) have been widely used in tunnel construction. However, the TBM control parameters set based on operator experience may not necessarily be suitable for certain geological conditions. Hence, a method to optimize TBM control parameters using an improved loss function-based artificial neural network (ILF-ANN) combined with quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) is proposed herein. The purpose of this method is to improve the TBM performance by optimizing the penetration and cutterhead rotation speeds. Inspired by the regularization technique, a custom artificial neural network (ANN) loss function based on the penetration rate and rock-breaking specific energy as TBM performance indicators is developed in the form of a penalty function to adjust the output of the network. In addition, to overcome the disadvantage of classical error backpropagation ANNs, i.e., the ease of falling into a local optimum, QPSO is adopted to train the ANN hyperparameters (weight and bias). Rock mass classes and tunneling parameters obtained in real time are used as the input of the QPSO-ILF-ANN, whereas the cutterhead rotation speed and penetration are specified as the output. The proposed method is validated using construction data from the Songhua River water conveyance tunnel project. Results show that, compared with the TBM operator and QPSO-ANN, the QPSO-ILF-ANN effectively increases the TBM penetration rate by 14.85% and 13.71%, respectively, and reduces the rock-breaking specific energy by 9.41% and 9.18%, respectively.

关键词： tunnel boring machine control parameter optimization quantum particle swarm optimization artificial neural network tunneling energy efficiency

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Effect of cutterhead configuration on tunnel face stability during shield machine maintenance outages

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第4期页码 522-532 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0930-9

摘要： Owing to long-distance advancement or obstacles, shield tunneling machines are typically shut down for maintenance. Engineering safety during maintenance outages is determined by the stability of the tunnel face. Pressure maintenance openings are typically used under complicated hydrogeological conditions. The tunnel face is supported by a medium at the bottom of the excavation chamber and compressed air at the top. Owing to the high risk of face failure, the necessity of support pressure when cutterhead support is implemented and a method for determining the value of compressed air pressure using different support ratios must to be determined. In this study, a non-fully chamber supported rotational failure model considering cutterhead support is developed based on the upper-bound theorem of limit analysis. Numerical simulation is conducted to verify the accuracy of the proposed model. The results indicate that appropriately increasing the specific gravity of the supporting medium can reduce the risk of collapse. The required compressed air pressure increases significantly as the support ratio decreases. Disregarding the supporting effect of the cutterhead will result in a tunnel face with underestimated stability. To satisfy the requirement of chamber openings at atmospheric pressure, the stratum reinforcement strength and range at the shield end are provided based on different cutterhead aperture ratios.

关键词： tunnel face stability cutterhead configuration aperture ratio pressure gradient support ratio

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电气化铁路二线隧道爆破掘进安全快速施工技术

王发明

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第5期页码 58-62

摘要：

针对电气化铁路二线隧道爆破掘进如何确保既有线隧道的安全与行车正常运行的问题，文章介绍了分步开挖方法，从掏槽形式、炮眼分布、炮眼装药结构以及起爆技术等角度回答并很好地解决了这一问题，并在实践应用中取得了很好的技术效果与明显的社会效益与经济效益，为类似工程提供了成功经验。

关键词：电气化铁路既有线隧道二线隧道分步开挖掏槽形式

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关于硬岩隧道掘进机刀盘设计的进一步研究

Jamal Rostami, Soo-Ho Chang

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第6期页码 892-904 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.12.009

摘要：

在隧道项目中，隧道掘进机（TBM）能否顺利施工取决于TBM 系统所有部件（从刀具到后备系统）能否正常运转，并取决于全部机车车辆的配合。而在整个TBM 系统中，刀盘是影响TBM 施工效率最为关键的因素。刀盘的设计影响到掘削效率、刀盘平衡、刀具使用寿命、主轴承/ 齿轮箱维护、出渣效果、面刀和边刀/ 排渣铲斗的磨损情况。总体来说，刀盘设计对掘进速度（ROP）、机器利用率（U）及每日进尺（AR）有重要影响。尽管当前可用文献中已就盘形滚刀、切削力、刀盘的某些设计特征做了讨论，但与本论题相关的文献却十分有限，这是因为刀盘的设计主要由隧道掘进机制造商负责，大部分设计工艺都属制造商专有，虽然本论题当前大受关注，但岩石隧道掘进机的设计对终端客户而言仍是个谜题。本文将试着阐明设计中的基本概念，虽不足以帮助读者进行成熟设计，却可助工程师与承包商理解设计步骤中的构思过程、合理设计中应注意的事项以及刀盘设计对于隧道掘进机运行及寿命周期的意义。

关键词： TBM 刀盘设计刀盘布置盘形滚刀刀具布置形式 TBM 效率

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Realtime prediction of hard rock TBM advance rate using temporal convolutional network (TCN) with tunnel

Zaobao LIU; Yongchen WANG; Long LI; Xingli FANG; Junze WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期页码 401-413 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0823-3

摘要： Real-time dynamic adjustment of the tunnel bore machine (TBM) advance rate according to the rock-machine interaction parameters is of great significance to the adaptability of TBM and its efficiency in construction. This paper proposes a real-time predictive model of TBM advance rate using the temporal convolutional network (TCN), based on TBM construction big data. The prediction model was built using an experimental database, containing 235 data sets, established from the construction data from the Jilin Water-Diversion Tunnel Project in China. The TBM operating parameters, including total thrust, cutterhead rotation, cutterhead torque and penetration rate, are selected as the input parameters of the model. The TCN model is found outperforming the recurrent neural network (RNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) model in predicting the TBM advance rate with much smaller values of mean absolute percentage error than the latter two. The penetration rate and cutterhead torque of the current moment have significant influence on the TBM advance rate of the next moment. On the contrary, the influence of the cutterhead rotation and total thrust is moderate. The work provides a new concept of real-time prediction of the TBM performance for highly efficient tunnel construction.

关键词： hard rock tunnel tunnel bore machine advance rate prediction temporal convolutional networks soft computing construction big data

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A new method for boring of non-circular holes

ZHANG Kai, HU De-jin

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第4期页码 456-460 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0058-3

摘要： A revolving electromagnetic actuation mechanism composed of an electromagnetic stator and an electromagnetic rotor has been developed for boring non-circular holes. The main component of the rotor is a flexure-hinged based flexible body. There are four pole-pair coils in the stator supplying actuation currents. The micro-displacement between the stator and rotor can be controlled by changing the currents applied in the pole-pair coils. Through linearization of the actuation force near the static action point, a linear relationship between the control current and the actuation force was established, and the synchronizing control method of the electromagnetic actuation mechanism is presented here. With two-factor analysis of the linearization error of the actuation force, the influences of control current and micro-displacement to the linearization error of the actuation force were studied. Then, the principle for designing the basic parameters of the magnetic actuation mechanism is put forward. The calibration of the mechanism indicates that the relationship between the micro-displacement of the rotor and the control current has linear characteristics in the required micro-displacement range. Simulation tests show that the turning radius of the rotor changes with the control current. The proposed mechanism can feasibly supply a controllable micro displacement to the boring bar.

关键词： electromagnetic actuation control method displacement flexible body revolving electromagnetic

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砂卵石条件下泥水分离技术研究与应用

王广余,孙善辉,苏清贵

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第12期页码 41-45

摘要：

通过北京铁路北京站至北京西站地下直径线工程泥水处理系统的研究与应用实践经验，总结了城市繁华地段砂卵石条件下大直径盾构泥水分离应用技术，希望对类似工程有借鉴作用。

关键词：泥水盾构泥水分离压滤

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土质隧道深浅埋界定方法研究

赵占厂,谢永利

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第10期页码 84-86

摘要：

针对现有隧道深浅埋界定方法存在的问题，结合现场测试和数值仿真结果，明确了应从围岩压力性质角度进行深浅埋界定。首次提出了以数值仿真技术为手段，利用拱上中心线土体侧压力系数变化规律为依据进行深浅埋界定的思路，并用2个工程实例进行了验证，新方法对土质隧道衬砌设计和施工有重大意义。

关键词：土质隧道深埋和浅埋界定方法

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Bending failure performance of a shield tunnel segment based on full-scale test and numerical analysis

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 1033-1046 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0973-y

摘要： This study focuses on the bending failure performance of a shield tunnel segment. A full-scale test was conducted to investigate deformation and failure characteristics. During the loading, the bending failure process can be divided into four stages: the elastic stage, working stage with cracks, failure stage, and ultimate stage. The characteristic loads between contiguous stages are the cracking, failure, and ultimate loads. A numerical model corresponding to the test was established using the elastoplastic damage constitutive model of concrete. After a comparative analysis of the simulation and test results, parametric studies were performed to discuss the influence of the reinforcement ratio and proportion of tensile longitudinal reinforcement on the bearing capacity. The results indicated that the change in the reinforcement ratio and the proportion of tensile longitudinal reinforcement had little effect on the cracking load but significantly influenced the failure and ultimate loads of the segment. It is suggested that in the reinforcement design of the subway segment, the reinforcement ratio and the proportion of tensile longitudinal reinforcement can be chosen in the range of 0.7%–1.2% and 49%–55%, respectively, allowing the segment to effectively use the reinforcement and exert the design strength, thereby improving the bearing capacity of the segment.

关键词： shield tunnel bearing capacity failure mechanism segment reinforcement

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Discontinuous mechanical behaviors of existing shield tunnel with stiffness reduction at longitudinal

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 37-52 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0920-3

摘要： An analytical model is proposed to estimate the discontinuous mechanical behavior of an existing shield tunnel above a new tunnel. The existing shield tunnel is regarded as a Timoshenko beam with longitudinal joints. The opening and relative dislocation of the longitudinal joints can be calculated using Dirac delta functions. Compared with other approaches, our method yields results that are consistent with centrifugation test data. The effects of the stiffness reduction at the longitudinal joints (α and β), the shearing stiffness of the Timoshenko beam GA, and different additional pressure profiles on the responses of the shield tunnel are investigated. The results indicate that our proposed method is suitable for simulating the discontinuous mechanical behaviors of existing shield tunnels with longitudinal joints. The deformation and internal forces decrease as α, β, and GA increase. The bending moment and shear force are discontinuous despite slight discontinuities in the deflection, opening, and dislocation. The deflection curve is consistent with the additional pressure profile. Extensive opening, dislocation, and internal forces are induced at the location of mutation pressures. In addition, the joints allow rigid structures to behave flexibly in general, as well as allow flexible structures to exhibit locally rigid characteristics. Owing to the discontinuous characteristics, the internal forces and their abrupt changes at vulnerable sections must be monitored to ensure the structural safety of existing shield tunnels.

关键词： tunnel–soil interaction discontinuous analysis longitudinal joints existing shield tunnel Timoshenko beam Dirac delta function

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A real-life stability model for a large shield-driven tunnel in heterogeneous soft soils

Xinyu HU, Zixin ZHANG, Scott KIEFFER

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 176-187 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0149-7

摘要： The current models that have been published to date only allow for homogeneous soil at the tunnel face. This paper presents a real-life face stability model to determine the minimal pressure needed at the tunnel face for a large shield-driven tunnel in heterogeneous soft soils. It is found that the influence of multilayered soil boundaries is significant, especially for the mixed-layer (e.g., sand and clay) soils. The suggested M-M model is developed by considering the influence of the heterogeneity of the soil on the angle of slip and the minimal support pressure. Comparisons of the solutions in mixed-layer soils are conducted, and the effects of the involved parameters for a large, multilayered, shield-driven tunnel are also investigated.

关键词： analytical solution shield-driven tunnel multilayered soil face stability

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Construction risks of Huaying mount tunnel and countermeasures

Haibo YAO, Feng GAO, Shigang YU, Wei DANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 279-285 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0414-x

摘要： The Chongqing-Guang’an motorway is planned to cross Huaying mount at Jingguan town of Chongqing city. The whole mount is a colossal anticline whose core is consisted of coal measure strata (upper Permian Longtan formation P l) and the limbs are limestone strata (middle Triassic Leikoupo formation T l and lower Triassic Jialingjiang formation T j). The tunneling is full of risks of collapse, gas explosion or gas outburst, water (mud) inrush, gas inrush because of existence of faults, high pressure gas, karst tectonics and coal goafs around the tunnel. In order to cope with the high risk, two main countermeasures were taken to ensure security of construction. One is geology prediction, and the other is automatic wireless real-time monitoring system, which contains monitoring of video, wind speed, poisonous gas (CH , CO, H S, SO ), people location, and automatic power-off equipment while gas contents being more than warning threshold. These ascertained the engineering safety effectively.

关键词： tunnel?construction gas?outburst geology?prediction automatic?monitoring?system